Carl Gustav Jung, uzun ve \u00fcretken ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck hakk\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a kapsaml\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler ortaya koymu\u015ftur; ancak bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini tek bir metinde ya da sistematik bir kuram h\u00e2linde sunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle onun k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe dair pozisyonu, farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 metinlerden bir araya getirilerek anla\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Murray Stein taraf\u0131ndan derlenen Jung on Evil<\/em>, Jung\u2019un bu da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnen fakat tematik olarak tutarl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini bir araya getirir. Jung\u2019un k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, \u00f6zellikle bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131, arketipler ve g\u00f6lge kavramlar\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jung\u2019un erken d\u00f6nem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck, a\u011f\u0131r ruhsal bozukluklar\u0131n psikodinamik s\u00fcre\u00e7leri i\u00e7inde ele al\u0131n\u0131rken; daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde bu mesele, arketipsel yap\u0131 ve g\u00f6lge ba\u011flam\u0131nda ahlaki se\u00e7imler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jung\u2019un 1959 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc BBC r\u00f6portaj\u0131nda dile getirdi\u011fi \u015fu ifade, onun k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n merkezini olu\u015fturur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u0130nsan do\u011fas\u0131na dair daha fazla anlay\u0131\u015fa ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc var olan tek ger\u00e7ek tehlike insan\u0131n kendisidir\u2026 Yakla\u015fan t\u00fcm k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin kayna\u011f\u0131 biziz.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u0131\u015fsal bir g\u00fc\u00e7 ya da metafizik bir ilke olarak de\u011fil, do\u011frudan insan psi\u015fesinin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak konumland\u0131r\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Jung i\u00e7in k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck problemi, ayn\u0131 zamanda insan\u0131 anlama problemidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck sorunu tarih boyunca farkl\u0131 disiplinler taraf\u0131ndan ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jung, bu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc hatt\u0131n en \u00f6nemli temsilcilerinden biridir. Ona g\u00f6re k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck, d\u0131\u015fsal bir varl\u0131k de\u011fil, insan psi\u015fesinin i\u00e7sel bir potansiyelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jung\u2019un ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l, teknolojik ilerlemelere ra\u011fmen etik ilerlemenin ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nem olarak de\u011ferlendirilir. Hatta Jung\u2019a g\u00f6re k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck, modern \u00e7a\u011fda daha da g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ve tehlikeli h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu nedenle k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck problemi, yaln\u0131zca bireysel de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda kolektif bir sorundur. Jung\u2019un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bu anlamda yaln\u0131zca klinik de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarihsel bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jung\u2019un k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu nedenle onun yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kat\u0131 bir teoriye indirgemek, Jungiyen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin do\u011fas\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Jung, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman mant\u0131ksal tutarl\u0131l\u0131k yerine daha geni\u015f bir psikolojik b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc korumay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jung\u2019un k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini anlamak i\u00e7in d\u00f6rt temel soru belirleyicidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu sorular, Jung\u2019un eserlerinde tekrar tekrar ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel ekseni olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jung\u2019un erken d\u00f6nem ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kompleksler<\/strong> \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r. Kompleksler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nsan \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bilin\u00e7li niyetine ra\u011fmen farkl\u0131 davran\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, birine iltifat etmek isterken incitici bir s\u00f6z s\u00f6yleyebilir. Bu durum, bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f \u00fczerindeki etkisini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Daha derin d\u00fczeyde Jung, arketipler<\/strong> kavram\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirir. Arketipler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu yap\u0131lar, ego \u00fczerinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir etki kurabilir ve bireyi adeta \u201cele ge\u00e7irebilir\u201d (possession). Bu durumlarda ki\u015fi, kendi benli\u011finin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc kaybederek arketipsel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin etkisi alt\u0131na girer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jung\u2019un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yaln\u0131zca y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n bir potansiyel ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Erken d\u00f6nemlerinde Jung, bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u201cdo\u011fal olan\u0131n kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak da g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u00e7eri\u011fin serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, bireyin daha b\u00fct\u00fcn ve canl\u0131 bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jung i\u00e7in k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck, ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir unsur de\u011fil, anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve entegre edilmesi gereken bir ger\u00e7ekliktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u0131\u015fsalla\u015ft\u0131rmak yerine onun psi\u015fik k\u00f6kenini kabul etmek, bireysel ve kolektif d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6n ko\u015fuludur. Bu ba\u011flamda Jungiyen psikoloji, etik bir projeden \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nsan\u0131n kendi karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bilin\u00e7li bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Stein, M. (Ed.). Jung on Evil<\/em>. Routledge. Carl Gustav Jung, uzun ve \u00fcretken ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck hakk\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a kapsaml\u0131…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2658,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[43,45,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arketipler-ve-kolektif-bilincdisi","category-carl-jung","category-tum-blog"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130nsan: K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn Kayna\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck Problemi: Teolojik mi Psikolojik mi?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Modern \u00c7a\u011f ve K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn Yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Jung\u2019un Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Do\u011fas\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Jung\u2019un Temel Sorular\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131: K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn Alan\u0131 m\u0131?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Arketipler ve \u201cEle Ge\u00e7irilme\u201d Durumu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7ift Do\u011fas\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckle Y\u00fczle\u015fmek<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Jung, C.G. (1977). C.G. Jung Speaking<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"