C. G. Jung\u2019un \u201ceril\u201dden ne anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kavramak, onun t\u00fcm psikoloji yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n zeminine eri\u015fmek demektir; zira onun psikolojisi, kendi itiraf\u0131yla, onun \u201cki\u015fisel itiraf\u0131\u201dyd\u0131\u2014yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da bir \u00fclkede, \u00f6zel muayenehanede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir adam\u0131n, ataerkil ba\u011flamda insan psikolojisini anlama \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n itiraf\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu giri\u015fimde ke\u015ffetti\u011fi arketipsel d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kan\u0131tlanabilir evrenselli\u011fi bile, \u00f6nc\u00fcn\u00fcn insan\u00ee bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131; Jung, deneyimlerinin kendisine ne sundu\u011funu aktaran bir adam olarak kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu derleme, Jung\u2019un yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilen b\u00f6l\u00fcmler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, cinsiyetin onun \u201cki\u015fisel denklemi\u201dne ne t\u00fcr bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyma f\u0131rsat\u0131d\u0131r; Jung\u2019un b\u00fcy\u00fck psikolojik konstelasyonlara dair \u00fcnl\u00fc ve geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlerini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 teleskobun merce\u011fine bakma \u015fans\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015ea\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde, Freud\u00e7u psikanalist oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok erken bir deneme olan \u201cBireyin Yazg\u0131s\u0131nda Baban\u0131n \u00d6nemi\u201d<\/em> d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Jung\u2019un ne yaln\u0131zca erkeklerin psikolojik geli\u015fimine ne de erilli\u011fin bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131 psikolojisine adanm\u0131\u015f tek bir yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yoktur. Ne bir erke\u011fin psikolojik geli\u015fim s\u00fcrecini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ele alan bir monografi, ne de kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ruh imgesi olarak yorumlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eril arketip olan animus<\/em>\u2019a adanm\u0131\u015f bir deneme mevcuttur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Erilli\u011fe dair anlam zincirini ke\u015ffetmek i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok deneme aras\u0131nda yolunu bulmak gerekir. Bu se\u00e7ki, tek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan se\u00e7ki olmasa da, Jung\u2019un bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n labirentinde kendi eril yolunu izlemek isteyen okura bir ipucu sunma giri\u015fimidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jung\u2019un yolu, \u00e7ocukluk deneyimlerinden ba\u015flar: inanc\u0131n\u0131 ve kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ile o\u011flunun g\u00fcvenini yitirmekte olan bir papaz\u0131n o\u011flu olarak bir papaz evinde b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Paul Jung t\u0131kanm\u0131\u015f, ruhunu a\u00e7abilecek t\u00fcrden bir \u00f6z-d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcme de muktedir de\u011fildi; psikolojik geli\u015fim i\u00e7in ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir potansiyele sahip olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Jung i\u00e7in bu baba, \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmeye uygun olmayan, tatmin edici olmayan bir fig\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jung, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc imgesel otobiyografisi An\u0131lar, D\u00fc\u015fler, D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler<\/em>\u2019de, kendi kimli\u011fini, erilli\u011fin numin\u00f6z g\u00fcc\u00fcne dair ki\u015fisel bir vizyon \u00fczerine in\u015fa etmek zorunda kal\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bize g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu t\u00fcr bir arketipsel eril vizyon, elinin alt\u0131nda arketipsel imgeyi cisimle\u015ftirecek hi\u00e7bir insani rol model bulunmayan bir \u00e7ocu\u011fa \u00f6zg\u00fcd\u00fcr:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cHat\u0131rlayabildi\u011fim en eski d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fcm, bu d\u00fc\u015f beni t\u00fcm ya\u015fam\u0131m boyunca me\u015fgul edecekti\u2026 \u00dc\u00e7 ile d\u00f6rt ya\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndayd\u0131m\u2026\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n (Jung\u2019un yeralt\u0131ndaki tap\u0131nak, taht \u00fczerindeki devasa fallus ve annesinin sesini duydu\u011fu korkutucu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc burada aktar\u0131l\u0131r.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jung y\u0131llar sonra bu imgenin bir \u201crit\u00fcel fallus\u201d oldu\u011funu anlayabilmi\u015ftir. Fallusun soyut \u00f6nemi, tahtta tek ba\u015f\u0131na, \u201cithyphallically\u201d (\u038a\u03a6\u03c5\u03c2, dikey) \u015fekilde yer almas\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00c7imlerin alt\u0131ndaki delik muhtemelen bir mezar\u0131, yani ye\u015fil perdeyle simgelenen yeralt\u0131 tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn gizemini temsil ediyordu. Urethra\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6z gibi alg\u0131lanmas\u0131, fallus s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6keninde yer alan \u201c\u03a6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2\u201d (parlak, \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131) anlam\u0131na i\u015faret eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu d\u00fc\u015fteki fallus, Jung\u2019un gen\u00e7li\u011fi boyunca \u201cad\u0131 an\u0131lmayan yeralt\u0131 tanr\u0131s\u0131\u201d olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Y\u00fcksek sesle \u201c\u0130sa Mesih\u201d dendi\u011finde bile zihnine bu yeralt\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131-imge geliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jung\u2019un anlat\u0131m\u0131ndan, on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019sindeki papaz evinin atmosferi a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. Bedensel ger\u00e7ekler g\u00f6r\u00fclmez, erekte olmu\u015f penisin anatomik hakikati dinsel bir s\u0131r olarak kal\u0131r, yaln\u0131zca Grek\u00e7e ve Latince kilise dillerinde, mitolojik g\u00f6ndermelerle dile getirilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00f6yle bask\u0131c\u0131 bir atmosferde b\u00fcy\u00fcyen Jung, erilli\u011fi arketipsel bi\u00e7imde kar\u015f\u0131lamaya yazg\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. Arketipin enerjisi, psikoloji literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde e\u015fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir erillik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6neltti onu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ne var ki Jung\u2019un erilli\u011fe yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 b\u00f6ylesine arketipsel (bu d\u00fc\u015fteki yeralt\u0131 kadar derinde) oldu\u011fundan, g\u00fcndelik erkek ve kad\u0131n psikolojisine dair ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi kolayl\u0131kla g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc kalabilir. Bu nedenle bu ciltteki i\u00e7eriklere bir giri\u015f yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jung\u2019un en \u00f6nemli i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc, erilli\u011fin bilin\u00e7lenme s\u00fcreciyle ili\u015fkilendirilmesidir\u2014varolu\u015funu oldu\u011fu gibi g\u00f6rme anlam\u0131nda Sokratik bir bilin\u00e7lenme. Fallus\u2019un parlakl\u0131kla olan etimolojik ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun fallik a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir g\u00f6zle ili\u015fkilendirmesi, bu ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fc, Freud\u2019un sundu\u011fu Oidipus<\/em> mitinden farkl\u0131 bir psike metaforu aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Freud\u2019un kuram\u0131, bast\u0131rma ve tanr\u0131lar\u0131n dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katlan\u0131lmaz \u015feyler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kendini k\u00f6r etme temas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu. Jung i\u00e7inse psikenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc itkisi, cinsellikten veya iktidar iradesinden de g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan bilin\u00e7lenme bask\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jung\u2019un Libidonun D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmleri ve Simgeleri<\/em>\u2019ndeki (1912) ego imgesi, utan\u00e7 verici libidinal deneyimleri bast\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan su\u00e7lu bir y\u00f6netici de\u011fil; bilin\u00e7 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in gece denizini kat eden g\u00fcne\u015f kahraman\u0131yd\u0131. (\u0130lgin\u00e7 bi\u00e7imde bu eril imgeyi, psikoza s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmekte olan bir kad\u0131n\u0131n bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131 malzemesinde bulmu\u015ftu.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Freud\u2019un bu fikirleri reddedi\u015fi ve e\u015f krizinin getirdi\u011fi belirsizlik, Jung\u2019u kahramans\u0131 kurtar\u0131c\u0131 arketipiyle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmesinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Bu kriz, Toni Wolff ile a\u00e7\u0131k ili\u015fkiyi kabul etmesiyle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebildi. Wolff, Jung\u2019un anima arketipinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc hem ki\u015fisel hem de teorik olarak ke\u015ffetmesinde belirleyici oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jung i\u00e7in anima, erke\u011fin bilin\u00e7lili\u011fe yaln\u0131zca kahramanca \u00f6z-denetimle de\u011fil, ya\u015famla empatik kat\u0131l\u0131mla ula\u015fabilmesini sa\u011flayan merkezi ke\u015fifti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anima\u2019y\u0131 anlamak zihinsel bir i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fc de\u011fil, inisiyatik bir deneyimdir; ya\u015fam\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle y\u00fczle\u015ferek, aldat\u0131c\u0131 projeksiyonlar\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131 ve hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kabullenerek birey ancak bu entegrasyonu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilir. Jung, animay\u0131 \u201cya\u015fam arketipi\u201d diye de adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anima\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131nda ise bilge ya\u015fl\u0131 adam<\/em> arketipi yer al\u0131r\u2014anlam\u0131n, erilli\u011fin amac\u0131 ve sonucu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kad\u0131nlarda ise Jung, esas olarak animus<\/em>\u2019un entegrasyonunu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Animus\u2019u \u201ctin\u201d ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirdi; eril bir ilke olarak. B\u00f6ylece erke\u011fin bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ruhu (soul<\/em>), kad\u0131n\u0131n bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ruh-imgesi ise tin (spirit<\/em>) idi. Jung, erke\u011fin animayla, kad\u0131n\u0131n animusla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 tedavide merkezi g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jung, erkeklerde eros<\/em>\u2019un (ili\u015fkisellik), kad\u0131nlarda ise logos<\/em>\u2019un (ay\u0131rt edicilik) daha \u00e7ok bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015fledi\u011fini g\u00f6zlemlemi\u015fti. Bu, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011flamda cinsiyet\u00e7i bir kat\u0131l\u0131k gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, onun i\u00e7in klinik bir ger\u00e7eklikti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem yap\u0131t\u0131 Mysterium Coniunctionis<\/em>\u2019te ise, Sol<\/em> ve Luna<\/em> fig\u00fcrleri \u00fczerinden eril ve di\u015filin paradoksal kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ele ald\u0131. B\u00f6ylece logos = eril, eros = di\u015fil<\/em> gibi basit \u00f6zde\u015fliklerin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jung\u2019un simyaya y\u00f6neli\u015fi, erke\u011fin orta ya\u015f sonras\u0131 bireyle\u015fmesinin deneyimsel temeli oldu. Burada eril ve di\u015fil ilkelerin deneyim yoluyla, arketipsel yasalara uygun olarak in\u015fa edildi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fc. \u00d6rne\u011fin erkek i\u00e7in orta ya\u015fta di\u015fil ilkenin (Luna) geli\u015fimi, tuz (ac\u0131, g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131) ile c\u0131van\u0131n (hilek\u00e2r, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 tersine \u00e7evirme yetisi) birle\u015fmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Son a\u015famada ise Jung, kendi yaz\u0131nsal ve psikolojik tarz\u0131n\u0131, Merk\u00fcr<\/em> arketipi \u00fczerinden kavrad\u0131. Spiritus Mercurius<\/em> \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneme, hem ki\u015fisel hem de teorik d\u00fczeyde onun eril bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131yla kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fkiyi a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Merk\u00fcr, onun al\u015fimik kendini-birle\u015ftirme \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n koruyucu tanr\u0131s\u0131, en nihayetinde eril yolu olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu derlemenin i\u00e7eri\u011fini bi\u00e7imlendiren, Jung\u2019un huzursuz eril tinidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kaynak:<\/strong> C. G. Jung\u2019un \u201ceril\u201dden ne anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kavramak, onun t\u00fcm psikoloji yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n zeminine…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2527,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,43,45,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anima-ve-animus","category-arketipler-ve-kolektif-bilincdisi","category-carl-jung","category-tum-blog"],"yoast_head":"\n
John Beebe, Jung \u2013 Aspects of the Masculine, Introduction<\/em>, s. 7\u201315.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"